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How to diversify an investment portfolio?

Vrinda Mathur
Feb 04, 2025

Investing in the stock market always carries some risk. However, a properly-diversified portfolio is one of your strongest defenses against market downturns or financial crises, as well as a foundation for long-term wealth creation.

Nonetheless, as a new investor, you may be asking how to effectively diversify investments. Is it possible to have too much diversification? That's where this guide comes in, providing an outline of eight crucial tasks.

What is an Investment Portfolio?

An investment portfolio is just a financial term used to describe a collection of assets you hold. However, rather than indiscriminately accumulating assets, it is prudent to create an investment portfolio with intention. This ensures that your assets remain aligned with your aims and allows you to manage risks with more confidence.

Your portfolio includes all of the investments you hold. The term "portfolio" is derived from the Italian word for a case used to carry loose papers, but do not think of it as a physical container. Rather, it is an abstract term used to describe groups of investment assets.

It is not as if you can only have one portfolio. People may refer to the stocks and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that they own in a broking account as their taxable investment portfolio. At the same time, they may refer to the mutual funds in their 401(k) account as their retirement portfolio. The word allows you to distinguish between one set of assets and another.

Portfolios are collections of assets owned or managed by businesses or financial institutions. For example, a real estate company may have a portfolio of residential buildings. One of the primary functions of a wealth management organization is to manage customers' portfolios.

Also Read | What is Asset Management? Types and Benefits

Steps to build an Investment Portfolio

Building an investment portfolio can be divided into the following easy steps. Each stage positions you for success in the next step. Finally, you'll have a greater chance of creating a portfolio that matches your investment style and objectives.

Begin with your goals and time horizon

When starting an investment portfolio, the first step is to develop a list of your financial objectives.

"Without an end goal, why you want to invest is meaningless," says Brian Robinson, a certified financial planner (CFP) at Sharepoint. Once you've defined your goals, arrange them by time horizon, which is simply how long you'll need to hold the investments before you need the money.

Understand the asset classes.

Asset classes are basically various sorts of assets, such as stocks, bonds, and commodities. Investments with similar features and market performance are classified together. If eggs symbolize money, baskets represent different asset classes, and you can distribute your eggs among them.

Diversify within asset classes.

After diversifying across asset classes, the next step is to diversify further within those asset groups. One strategy to accomplish this is to invest in a diverse variety of companies from other industries, which can safeguard you in the event that one industry suffers a loss.

For example, if you only invested in technology companies and tech spending drops unexpectedly during a market downturn, all of the shares you purchased in those companies may fall at the same time. Instead, divide your money among organisations from various industries, sectors, and geographies.

Invest in an ETF

If you don't have time to investigate individual stocks, consider include passively managed products in your portfolio, such as exchange-traded funds (ETFs). An ETF is a collection of securities that can track specific industries, market segments, or the entire market. When you buy an ETF, you are purchasing the entire pool of securities inside that fund, giving you broader exposure than a single company. To find the appropriate ETF for you, browse Stash's ETFs and filter by risk level.

Consider fixed income investments.

You may also like to invest in additional fixed-income assets, such as bonds. Bonds provide smaller returns than stocks, but they help balance your portfolio's overall risk profile, insulating you from market volatility. To diversify your bond portfolio, select bonds with varying credit quality, maturities, and issuers.

How to Diversify Portfolio?

Let us look at many approaches to diversify one's portfolio. Distribute the entire wealth across multiple equities and industries. Consider allocating funds among multiple real estate investment trusts (REITs) and exchange-traded funds (ETFs).

Consider investing in index and bond funds. Allocating capital to financial instruments that track several indexes can be a sound long-term diversification strategy. Such funds seek to reflect the value of the bond market by replicating the performance of bond indices. Furthermore, because index funds use a passive management method, they have a low expense ratio, resulting in higher returns for investors.

Individuals and organizations must continue to expand their portfolios by adding securities on a regular basis. They can also invest in real estate and other commodities, such as gold, to ensure maximum portfolio diversity. Investors might diversify their portfolios based on stock themes. If rural demand becomes a popular theme, they can explore investing in companies that manufacture tractors, agrochemicals, and fertilisers.

The Takeaway

Diversification is a simple notion that is quite easy to implement.

Warren Buffett, Ray Dalio, and Harry Browne reinforced this message by advocating simple, diversified portfolios with only 2-5 ETFs apiece. You can diversify your portfolio even more by adding alternative asset classes or being more particular about the sub-asset classes you invest in. Diversification means not putting all your eggs in one basket.

Simply put, spreading your money across several investments can help to lessen the risk in your portfolio. It may sound complicated, but it is actually rather simple.

You want to possess assets with uncorrelated performance, which means that nothing in your portfolio is moving up or down simultaneously. Most well-diversified portfolios contain a combination of stocks, bonds, and cash. You can attain appropriate diversification with only 3-5 assets.

Also Read | Role of Predictive Analytics in Business Decision Making

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How to diversify an investment portfolio?

What is an Investment Portfolio?

Steps to build an Investment Portfolio

Begin with your goals and time horizon

Understand the asset classes.

Diversify within asset classes.

Invest in an ETF

Consider fixed income investments.

How to Diversify Portfolio?

The Takeaway

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